EkhayaUkwakhiwa kweenqanawa
01
Nge-7 kaJanuwari 2019
Ukuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu banamhlanje abunakwahlulwa kwizinto ezidibeneyo, ezidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni isayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe bale mihla. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-aerospace, uphuhliso lwaselwandle, iinqanawa, iinqwelo ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu, njl. amasimi, endaweni Imathiriyeli yemveli emininzi.
Okwangoku, i-glass fiber kunye ne-carbon fiber composite materials zidlala indima enkulu kwintsimi yokwakhiwa kweenqanawa.
1. 0 Isicelo kwiinqanawa
Izinto ezidityanisiweyo zaqala ukusetyenziswa kwiinqanawe phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1960, ekuqaleni kwizindlu ezikumgangatho ophantsi kwizikhephe zemipu yokugada. Ngeminyaka yee-1970, i-superstructure yabazingeli basezimayini nabo baqala ukusebenzisa izinto ezidibeneyo. Ngeminyaka yoo-1990, izinto ezidityanisiweyo zisetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo kwimasti evaleleke ngokupheleleyo kunye nenkqubo yoluvo (AEM/S) yeenqanawa. Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zemveli zokwakha iinqanawa, izinto ezidityanisiweyo zineempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiholi. Zilula ngobunzima kunye nokonga amandla, kwaye inkqubo yokuvelisa ilula. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezidibeneyo kwiinqanawa akuphumeleli nje ukunciphisa ubunzima, kodwa kwandisa i-radar infrared Stealth kunye neminye imisebenzi.
Iinqanawa zaseUnited States, eBritani, eRashiya, eSweden, naseFransi zikubona kubaluleke kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziyintlanganisela kwiinqanawa, kwaye ziye zaqulunqa izicwangciso ezihambelanayo zophuhliso lobuchwephesha bezinto eziyintlanganisela.
1. 1 Ifayibha yeglasi
Ifayibha yeglasi eyomelele kakhulu ineempawu zokuqina okuphezulu, imodyuli ephezulu enwebekayo, ukumelana nempembelelo entle, ukuzinza okuhle kweekhemikhali, ukumelana nokudinwa, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, njl. njl. , iinqanawa eziphezulu zoxinzelelo kunye neepropellers, njl. Umkhosi wamanzi wase-US wasebenzisa imathiriyeli edityanisiweyo kulwakhiwo oluphezulu lweenqanawa kwangethuba, kwaye inani leenqanawa ezixhotyiswe ngezakhiwo ezinkulu ezihlanganisiweyo lelona likhulu.
I-superstructure yempahla edibeneyo yenqanawa yase-US Navy yayisetyenziselwa abantu abasebenza emgodini. Sisakhiwo seplastiki esomelezwe ngeglasi yonke. Ngoyena mgodi mkhulu weglasi yonke ehlanganisiweyo ehlabathini. Inokuqina okuphezulu, akukho zimpawu zokuqhekeka kwe-brittle, kwaye inomsebenzi obalaseleyo xa imelana nempembelelo yokudubula kwamanzi. .
1.2 Ifayibha yeCarbon
Ukusetyenziswa kweemasti ezidityanisiweyo zekhabhoni ezomelezwe kwiinqanawa zivela ngokuthe ngcembe. Inqanawa yonke ye-corvettes ye-Navy yaseSweden yenziwe ngezinto ezidibeneyo, ukufikelela kwizakhono eziphezulu ze-stealth kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima nge-30%. Imagnethi yayo yonke inqanawa "Visby" iphantsi kakhulu, enokuthintela uninzi lweeradar kunye neenkqubo eziphambili zesonar (kubandakanywa ne-thermal imaging), ukufikelela kwisiphumo sobuchwephesha. Inemisebenzi ekhethekileyo yokunciphisa ubunzima, i-radar kunye ne-infrared double stealth.
Iicomposites zekhabhoni zefiber zingasetyenziswa nakweminye imiba yenqanawa. Umzekelo, inokusetyenziswa njenge-propeller kunye ne-propulsion shafting kwinkqubo yokuqhubela phambili ukunciphisa umphumo wokungcangcazela kunye nengxolo ye-hull, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinqanawa zolwazi kunye neenqanawa zokuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Ingasetyenziswa njengephini lokujika koomatshini kunye nezixhobo, ezinye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zoomatshini kunye neenkqubo zombhobho, njl.njl. Ukongeza, iintambo zombhobho wekhabhoni ezinamandla kakhulu zikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiintambo zeenqanawa zokulwa kunye nezinye izinto zomkhosi.
Izixhobo zekhabhoni zokudibanisa ifayibha zisetyenziswa kwezinye izicelo zeenqanawa, ezinje ngepropeller kunye ne-propulsion shafting kwiinkqubo zokuqhubela phambili, ukunciphisa ifuthe lokungcangcazela kunye nengxolo ye-hull, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinqanawa zolwazi kunye neenqanawa ezihamba ngokukhawuleza. Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zoomatshini kunye neenkqubo zombhobho, njl.
02 
Nge-7 kaJanuwari 2019
2. 0 Izikhephe zakwaCivil
I-super yacht brig, i-hull kunye nedekhi zigqunywe nge-carbon fiber/epoxy resin, i-hull yi-60m ubude, kodwa ubunzima bubonke bungama-210t kuphela. I-carbon fiber catamaran eyakhelwe iPoland isebenzisa i-vinyl ester resin sandwich compotes, i-PVC foam kunye ne-carbon fiber composite. Imasti kunye ne-boom zonke ziicomposites zekhabhoni zefiber, kwaye inxenye kuphela ye-hull yenziwe ngefiberglass. Ubunzima bungama-45t kuphela. Ineempawu zesantya esikhawulezayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha aphantsi.
Ukongeza, izinto zekhabhoni zefiber zingasetyenziswa kwiipaneli zesixhobo kunye nee-antenna zeeyachts, iirudders, kunye nezakhiwo eziqinisiweyo ezifana needekhi, iikhabhinethi, kunye ne-bulkheads.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-carbon fiber kwintsimi yaselwandle kuqale emva kwexesha. Kwixesha elizayo, ngophuhliso lwetheknoloji yezinto ezidibeneyo, ukuphuhliswa komkhosi waselwandle kunye nokuphuhliswa kwemithombo yolwandle, kunye nokomelezwa kwezakhono zokuyila izixhobo, imfuno ye-carbon fiber kunye nezinto zayo ezidibeneyo ziya kwanda. echumayo.