Kuvaka ngarava

1. 0 Kushandisa muzvikepe

Zvinhu zvakaumbwa zvakatanga kushandiswa pazvikepe pakati pemakore ekuma1960, pakutanga kudzimba dzemadhiri pazvikepe zvepfuti. Muma1970, chimiro chepamusoro chevavhimi vemigodhi vakatangawo kushandisa zvinhu zvakaumbwa. Mumakore ekuma1990, zvinhu zvakaumbwa zvakashandiswa zvizere kune yakavharirwa zvizere mast uye sensor system (AEM/S) yengarava. Zvichienzaniswa nezvinhu zvechinyakare zvekuvaka ngarava, zvinhu zvinoumbwa zvine zvakanaka zvemichina uye zvinoshandiswa kugadzira hull. Iwo akareruka muhuremu uye akawanda-anochengetedza simba, uye maitiro ekugadzira ari nyore. Iko kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasanganiswa mungarava hakungoite kudzikisa huremu, asi zvakare kunowedzera radar infrared Stealth uye mamwe mabasa.

Vafambisi vengarava dzeUnited States, Britain, Russia, Sweden, neFrance vanokoshesa zvikuru kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaumbwa mungarava, uye vakagadzira hurongwa hwekusimudzira tekinoroji hwepamusoro hwezvinhu zvakaumbwa.

1. 1 Girazi fiber

High-simba regirazi faibha ine hunhu hwekusimba kwakasimba, yakakwira elastic modulus, yakanaka kupikisa, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari, kumira zvakanaka kuneta, kupisa kwekushisa kwepamusoro, etc. Inogona kushandiswa kune yakadzika-mvura mabhomba emigodhi, bulletproof armor, lifeboat. , high-pressure midziyo uye propellers, nezvimwewo. Hondo yeUS Navy yakashandisa zvinhu zvakaumbwa muhukuru hwezvikepe kare kare, uye nhamba yezvikepe zvakashongedzerwa neanoumbwa superstructures ndiyo yakakura zvakare.

Iyo inosanganiswa zvinhu superstructure yeUS Navy ngarava yakatanga kushandiswa kune vanochera migodhi. Iyo yose-girazi yakasimbiswa yepurasitiki chimiro. Ndiyo yakakura kwazvo-magirazi anosanganisa minesweeper pasi rose. Iine kusimba kwepamusoro, haina brittle fracture maitiro, uye ine mashandiro akanaka kwazvo kana ichishingirira kukanganiswa kwekuputika kwepasi pemvura. .

1.2 Carbon fiber

Kushandiswa kwekabhoni faibha-yakasimbiswa masts mungarava kuri kubuda zvishoma nezvishoma. Chikepe chose cheSwedish Navy's corvettes chakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasanganiswa, kuwana kugona kwepamusoro-soro uye kuderedza uremu ne30%. Iyo magineti yeiyo yese "Visby" ngarava yakadzikira zvakanyanya, iyo inogona kudzivirira akawanda radars uye advanced sonar masisitimu (kusanganisira thermal imaging), kuwana mhedzisiro yekubira. Iyo ine akakosha mabasa ekudzikisa huremu, radar uye infrared kaviri stealth.

Carbon fiber composites inogonawo kushandiswa mune zvimwe zvinhu zvechikepe. Semuyenzaniso, inogona kushandiswa sepropeller uye propulsion shafting mupropulsion system kuderedza vibration mhedzisiro uye ruzha rwehull, uye inonyanya kushandiswa mungarava dzekucherekedza uye nekukurumidza cruise ship. Inogona kushandiswa sechidzoreso mumichina uye midziyo, zvimwe zvakakosha michina michina uye pombi masisitimu, etc. Mukuwedzera, yakakwirira-yakasimba carbon fiber tambo dzinoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mumatambo ezvikepe zvehondo zvehondo uye zvimwe zvinhu zvehondo.

Carbon fiber composite zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mune mamwe maapplication engarava, senge propeller uye propulsion shafting pane propulsion masisitimu, kudzikisa vibration mhedzisiro uye ruzha rwehull, uye inonyanya kushandiswa kune ngarava dzekuona uye kukurumidza kufamba ngarava. Special mechanic zvishandiso uye pombi masisitimu, nezvimwe.