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1. Gukoresha cyane ingufu zingirakamaro kandi zisukuye
Ingufu za fosile zizasimburwa ningufu nshya kandi zisukuye. Amasoko mashya nkingufu zamashanyarazi, ingufu za hydrogène, ningufu zizuba byahindutse isoko yingufu zamashanyarazi bitewe nubushobozi bwazo bwinshi, butarangwamo umwanda, nibiranga amafaranga make. Aho kugira ngo abantu bahumanye cyane kandi badashobora kuvugururwa, abantu bazerekeza mu bihe bisukuye.
2. Umuvuduko mwinshi, umutekano no kuzigama ingufu
Igishushanyo mbonera cyuburyo bwo gutwara abantu kizatera imbere kigana umuvuduko mwinshi, umutekano no kuzigama ingufu. Bitewe nuko abantu bakeneye byihutirwa igihe gito cyo kugenda, umuvuduko wo gutwara abantu uziyongera cyane, kandi ubwikorezi bwa buri munsi burenga kilometero 200 kumasaha bizaba ibintu bisanzwe. Mugihe cyo kugera kumuvuduko wihuse, buriwese azita cyane kumutekano mugihe cyo gutwara, bisaba guhuza ibikoresho bishya kandi biramba. Mubyongeyeho, ibinyabiziga bizakomeza gutera imbere mubijyanye no kuzigama ingufu nuburemere.
3. Imodoka nziza
Hamwe nogutezimbere ikoranabuhanga ryamakuru no gukenera imikoranire yabantu na mudasobwa, ubwikorezi buzarushaho kugira ubwenge. Nkigisubizo, uburambe bwo gutwara bwarushijeho kunozwa. Tekinoroji yibanze nkubwenge bwubuhanga na interineti ya Byose bizakoreshwa cyane mubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu.
4. Kunoza uburambe bwo gutwara
Icyo gihe, abantu ntibazitondera imikorere yubwikorezi. Hazakenerwa byinshi kumitako yimbere ninyuma yimodoka. Ikoreshwa rya ergonomique na aerodynamic bizarushaho kuba rusange, bitanga ibisabwa bishya kubikoresho.
5. Igishushanyo mbonera
Kubungabunga no gusimbuza ibinyabiziga bizoroha.
Dukurikije ubushakashatsi n’ubuhanuzi bw’inzego zibishinzwe mu bijyanye n’ubwikorezi: mu gihe kiri imbere, kugira ngo abantu barusheho kugenda neza n’uburambe, ibinyabiziga bitwara abantu bigomba kugira ibimenyetso bikurikira mu gukoresha ibikoresho:
Ibyiza byo gukoresha fibre ya karubone mubijyanye no gutwara abantu
Ku bijyanye na fibre ya karubone, ndizera ko abantu bose bamenyereye iri jambo, kuko ibi bikoresho byakoreshejwe cyane mubuzima, cyane cyane ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Ibikurikira, turashaka kwerekana ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bya karubone kumodoka. Kugeza ubu, uburemere bwabaye icyerekezo nyamukuru cyiterambere ryimodoka. Fibre ya karubone ntishobora kugabanya gusa uburemere bwumubiri kurwego runini, kunoza ituze ryimiterere yumubiri, ariko kandi binatezimbere uburambe bwo gutwara bwabakoresha. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwakozwe kuri carbone fibre auto ibice Norn ibikoresho. Hano hepfo nzerekana urutonde rwibikoresho bya fibre fibre ishobora gukoreshwa mumodoka.
1. Disiki ya feri: Disiki ya feri nigice cyingenzi cyibice byimodoka. Bifitanye isano cyane numutekano wacu. Kubwibyo, kubwumutekano wacu, nubwo imikorere yimodoka yaba mibi cyangwa hari ibibazo byinshi, sisitemu yo gufata feri igomba kuba ishobora gukora neza. Ibyinshi muri disiki ya feri ikoreshwa mumodoka ubu ni disiki ya feri yicyuma. Nubwo ingaruka zo gufata feri atari mbi, iracyari mbi cyane kuruta disiki ya feri ya karubone. Nubwo disiki ya feri ya karubone ceramic imaze igihe kinini, ntabwo abantu benshi babyumva. Iri koranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu ndege mu myaka ya za 70, kandi ritangira gukoreshwa mu modoka zo gusiganwa mu myaka ya za 1980. Imodoka ya gisivili ya mbere yakoresheje feri ya karubone ni Porsche 996 GT2. Bavuga ko imodoka yo kwiruka ikoresheje ubu buhanga bwa feri ishobora guhindura imodoka kuva kumuvuduko wa kilometero 200 kumasaha ikajya guhagarara mumasegonda atatu gusa, byerekana imikorere yayo ikomeye. Ariko, kubera ko imikorere yikoranabuhanga ifite imbaraga nyinshi, mubisanzwe ntabwo igaragara mumodoka za gisivili, ariko ikoreshwa cyane mumodoka ya siporo hejuru yicyiciro cya miriyoni. Icyitwa feri ya karubone fibre ni ubwoko bwibintu byo guteranya bikozwe muri fibre ya karubone nkibikoresho bishimangira. Ikoresha byimazeyo ibintu bifatika bya fibre karubone, ifite imbaraga nyinshi, ubucucike buke, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, gutwara ubushyuhe bwihuse, modulus nyinshi, kurwanya ubukana, kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, nibindi biranga; cyane cyane imyenda ya karubone yibikoresho byo guteranya ibintu, coefficente yayo yo guterana imbaraga nini cyane kuruta coefficente ya static friction, bityo ikaba yarabaye imikorere myiza muburyo butandukanye bwibikoresho byo guterana. Byongeye kandi, ubu bwoko bwa feri ya karubone fibre na padi ntibigira ingese, irwanya ruswa ni nziza cyane, kandi ubuzima bwacyo busanzwe bushobora kugera kuri kilometero zirenga 80.000 kugeza 120.000. Ugereranije na disiki isanzwe ya feri, usibye igiciro kinini, hafi ya yose ni akarusho. Hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryikoranabuhanga rya fibre fibre mugihe kizaza, igiciro gishobora kugabanuka.
2. Ibiziga bya karuboni
. Uburemere bworoshye kuruta aluminium yicyuma, ariko imbaraga zirenze izicyuma, kandi ifite ibiranga kurwanya ruswa hamwe na modulus ndende. Nibikoresho byingenzi bifite ibikoresho byiza byubukorikori mu kurinda igihugu, mu gisirikare no mu basivili. Caribre fibre hub igizwe n'ibice bibiri, uruziga rukozwe mubikoresho bya fibre fibre, kandi umuvugizi wahimbwe urumuri ruto rworoshye hamwe na rivets mpimbano, ikaba yoroshye hafi 40% kuruta ihuriro rusange ryibiziga bingana.
. Azwi nkumwami wibikoresho bya zahabu yumukara. Tekinoroji ya karubone ntishobora kugabanya uburemere bwumubiri gusa, ahubwo inashimangira imbaraga zumubiri. Uburemere bwimodoka ikozwe muri fibre ya karubone ni 20% kugeza 30% byimodoka isanzwe yicyuma, ariko ubukana bwayo burenze inshuro 10.
. Kandi buri kugabanya 10% muburemere bwibinyabiziga birashobora kugabanya gukoresha lisansi 6% kugeza 8%, no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya 5% kugeza 6%. Mugihe kimwe cya lisansi ikoreshwa, imodoka irashobora gutwara kilometero 50 kumasaha, ifasha kunoza imikorere yihuta no gufata feri yikinyabiziga.
. Bisobanura kandi ko abashushanya badakeneye gutekereza ku kwangirika kwimikorere iterwa no kwangirika mugihe cyo gukoresha ibicuruzwa, nabyo bitanga amahirwe menshi yo kugabanya ibiro byimodoka no kunoza imikorere.
. Nyuma yuko imodoka isimbujwe ibiziga byoroheje bya karuboni fibre, kubera kugabanuka kwa misa idakoreshwa, umuvuduko wo gusubiza imodoka wahinduwe neza, kandi kwihuta birihuta kandi byoroshye.
3. Carbone fibre hood: Ingofero ntabwo ikoreshwa mugutezimbere imodoka gusa, irashobora kurinda moteri yimodoka no gukuramo ingufu za kinetic kugirango irinde abagenzi mugihe habaye impanuka, bityo imikorere ya hood ningirakamaro cyane mumutekano wa imodoka. Igikoresho cya moteri gakondo gikoresha ahanini ibyuma nka aluminiyumu cyangwa icyuma. Ibikoresho nkibi bifite ibibi byo kuba biremereye kandi byoroshye kubora. Nyamara, imikorere myiza yibikoresho bya karubone bifite ibyiza byinshi kurenza ibyuma. Ugereranije nicyuma, icyuma gikozwe mubintu bya karuboni fibre yibikoresho bifite ibyiza bigaragara, bishobora kugabanya ibiro hafi 30%, bishobora gutuma imodoka ihinduka kandi igakoresha peteroli nkeya. Ku bijyanye n’umutekano, imbaraga za karuboni fibre yibigize iruta iy'ibyuma, kandi imbaraga zingana za fibre zirashobora kugera kuri 3000MPa, zishobora kurinda neza imodoka. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bya karuboni fibre irwanya aside na alkali, irwanya umunyu, kandi ifite ibidukikije bihindagurika kandi ntibishobora kubora. Ubwoko bwibicuruzwa bya karubone nibyiza kandi byiza, kandi byanditse cyane nyuma yo gusya. Ibikoresho bifite plastike ikomeye kandi irashobora guhaza ibikenewe byihariye, kandi itoneshwa nabakunda guhinduka.
4.Ibikoresho byohereza fibre ya karubone: Imashini gakondo ikwirakwizwa ahanini ikozwe mu mavuta afite uburemere bworoshye kandi birwanya torsion nziza. Mugihe cyo kuyikoresha, amavuta yo gusiga agomba guterwa buri gihe kugirango abungabunge, kandi ibiranga ibikoresho byicyuma bituma imashini zanduza byoroshye kwambara kandi bigatera urusaku. no gutakaza ingufu za moteri. Nkibisekuru bishya byongera fibre, fibre karubone ifite ibiranga imbaraga nyinshi, modulus yihariye nuburemere bworoshye. Gukoresha fibre ya karubone kugirango ikore ibinyabiziga bitwara ibinyabiziga ntabwo bikomeye gusa kuruta ibyuma gakondo, ariko birashobora no kugera kumodoka zoroheje.
5. Carbone fibre ifata inshuro nyinshi: Sisitemu yo gufata fibre ya karubone irashobora gutandukanya ubushyuhe bwa moteri, ishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwikirere. Ubushyuhe bwo hasi bwo gufata ikirere burashobora kongera ingufu za moteri. Ubushyuhe bwo gufata ikirere cya moteri yikinyabiziga ni ngombwa cyane. Niba ubushyuhe bwikirere buri hejuru cyane, umwuka wa ogisijeni uri mu kirere uzagabanuka, ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku mirimo n’ingufu za moteri. Guhindura uburyo bwa karuboni fibre sisitemu yo gufata ni uburyo bwiza cyane, kandi ibikoresho nka fibre karubone birigizwe neza. Kuvugurura umuyoboro winjira muri fibre ya karubone birashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwicyuma cya moteri, gishobora kubuza ubushyuhe bwikirere bwinjira kuba hejuru cyane.
6. Umubiri wa karubone: Ibyiza byumubiri wa karubone ni uko ubukana bwayo ari bunini cyane, imiterere irakomeye kandi ntibyoroshye guhinduka, kandi uburemere bwumubiri wa karubone ni nto cyane, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugabanya gukoresha lisansi ya imodoka. Ugereranije nicyuma gakondo, umubiri wa karubone fibre ifite ibiranga uburemere bworoshye, bushobora kugabanya intera ya feri yumubiri.
Inzira ifitanye isano: Gutera inshinge uburyo bwo gukuramo inshinge LFT bulk molding compound (BMC) uburyo bwo kubumba.
Nkumuyobozi wisi yose mubikoresho bishya,
ZBREHON yizeye kuzakorana ubufatanye n’abakora ibinyabiziga baturutse impande zose zisi mubijyanye na fibre fibre.
Murugo
