1.0 Kakaretso

E le ho thusa batho ba ka hare ho indasteri ho utloisisa boemo ba indasteri ea lik'hamera tsa lefats'e lilemong tsa morao tjena, haholo-holo ka 2022, sebaka sena sa marang-rang se hlahisitse letoto la litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo mabapi le boemo ba indasteri ea li-composite tsa lefats'e ka 2023. Ho tsoela pele ho tloha sehloohong se fetileng. , taba ena e tla akaretsa ka bokhuts'oane boemo ba hajoale ba indasteri ea lisebelisoa tse kopaneng tsa lefats'e lefapheng la lifofane ka 2022.

2.0 Mahlohonolo a tsoakaneng bakeng sa indasteri ea lifofane

Ka kakaretso, 'maraka oa lefats'e oa lifofane o sebakeng se setle haholo, e leng litaba tse monate. Empa litaba tse mpe ke hore tlhahiso ea indasteri e se e fokotsehile ho tloha 'marakeng oa bophelo bo botle ka lebaka la tšitiso ea phepelo ea thepa. Ka lebaka leo, ho tsamaisoa ho ile ha boela ha qala butle ho feta kamoo ho neng ho lebelletsoe.

Ea pele ke 'maraka,' me chelete ea lefats'e ea ts'ireletso e fihlile maemong a holimo ka 2021, e fetang $ 2 trillion ka lekhetlo la pele ka lebaka la ntoa pakeng tsa Russia / Ukraine le likhohlano tse tsoelang pele Pacific Bophirimela. E lebelletsoe ho hola ka 5% ka selemo, leha inflation e thatafatsa matla a ho reka. Mmaraka oa lifofane tsa ntoa o maemong a matle ka ho khetheha, kaha mebuso e meholo e hloka ho sebelisa mabotho a bona bocha ho tobana le bahanyetsi ba lithaka ho fapana le ts'ebetso ea bohanyetsi le ntoa e matla e tlase.

Lifofane tsa khoebo tse tsamaeang ka tsela e le 'ngoe ke karolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea baahi 'me tlhoko e matla haholo. Li-jets li sebeletsa 'maraka oa lapeng,' me mebaraka kantle ho China e khutletse maemong a 2019. Litsela tsa lehae ke tšebeletso ea thepa, 'me lifofane ha li na matla a ho etsa litheko. Kahoo, moruo oa litšebeletso tsa malapeng o itšetlehile ka ho thibela litšenyehelo. Ha mafura a le $ 100 / barrel, haeba sefofane se e-na le Airbus A320Neo kapa Boeing 737 MAX 'me bahlolisani ba eona ba se na eona, sefofane se nang le lifofane tsa kajeno se ka hlōla tlhōlisano ka theko le phaello. Ka hona, tsela e le 'ngoe e boetse e rua molemo ho theko ea mafura e batlang e phahame.

Likarolo tse ling tse ngata tsa baahi le tsona li matla haholo. Tšebeliso ea lifofane tsa khoebo e bile holimo, athe boteng ba lifofane tsa pele bo ntse bo le tlase haholo. Ts'ebetso e saletseng morao e phahame haholo, matšoao a kaholimo ho maemo a 2019, mme tlhahiso le eona e batla e le maemong a 2019.

Mmaraka o le mong feela oa sepakapaka o ka bitsoang o fokola ke lijeli tse tsamaeang ka mahlakoreng a mabeli. Lefu la seoa le lecha la pneumonia e bile la pele, le lelelele ka ho fetisisa ho ama sephethephethe sa machaba. Sena se thehile boemo bo tšosang ba likanale tse peli. Karolo e ntseng e hola ea lithuso tsa lichelete tsa mokha oa boraro e ekelitse bothata ba litsela tse peli, kaha bahiri le bo-ramatsete ba bang ba sekametse haholo ho fana ka lichelete tsa litsela tse le 'ngoe, haholo hobane bareki ba bona ba kholoanyane. Ka nako e ts'oanang, bokhoni bo ntseng bo eketseha ba lifofane tse ncha tsa tsela e le 'ngoe (hape, A320neo le 737 MAX) li li etsa sebaka se seng sa lifofane tse peli tse tsamaeang litseleng tse mahareng le tse telele tsa machaba, haholo-holo mahlakoreng ka bobeli a Atlantic.

Ka bomalimabe, lifofane tsena tsa lifofane tse nang le mahlakore a mabeli ke lifofane tsa sechaba tse nang le likarolo tse ngata ka ho fetisisa, kahoo indasteri ea lihlopha e itšetlehile haholo ka tlhahiso ea lifofane tsa sesole. Mona, tlhahiso ea F-35 e ntse e hola butle, e fihla ho 156 ka selemo lilemong tse 'maloa tse tlang. E tla lateloa ke sefofane sa sefofane sa Northrop sa B-21 Raider, se lokelang ho kena tlhahiso, le lenaneo la lifofane tsa ntoa tsa Air Force's Next Generation Air Superiority, tse lokelang ho kena tlhahiso qetellong ea lilemo tse leshome.

Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la merero ena eohle ea sechaba le ea sesole, lipakane tsa tlhahiso ha lia ka tsa finyelloa limmarakeng tsohle. Bothata bo boholo haholo lits'ebetsong tsa tlhahiso ea enjine ea jet, moo li-castings le forgings e leng bothata bo boholo. Boholo ba sena ke titanium, 'me tšitiso e bakoang ke ntoa ea thepa ea titanium ea Russia - ka boithaopo ke lik'hamphani tsa Bophirimela hobane Russia e ile ea hlōleha ho nka mehato ea ho thibela ho romela thepa - e mpefalitse mathata a neng a le teng pele a phepelo.

Ho phaella moo, karolo e kholo ea bothata e theohela mosebetsing. Mmaraka o thata oa basebetsi, hammoho le taba ea hore moruo o sa tsoa qala ho hlaphoheloa, bofofisi ba khoebo bo se bo le morao haholo ha bo bapisoa le liindasteri tse ling, kahoo bo lieha ho hira, e leng se lebisang tiehisong e kholo.

Limmaraka tsa lifofane tsa lehae le tsa sesole li ntse li le matla, ka tieho ea tlhahiso e qobellang khalemelo e itseng ho tsoa ho baetsi ba lifofane. Ka hona, ho na le monyetla o motle oa hore lekala lena la moruo le tla rua molemo ka ho pholisa mafapha a mang, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso le ho lokolla basebetsi. Seo se bolela khōlo e batlang e itekanetse likhoeling tse 18 ho isa ho tse 24 tse tlang, ka kholo e hlomphehang le theko e tlaase.

【Sehokelo sa tšupiso】https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/qEwEVBQgNQo7OqGdEMd2jw

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