1.0 Isifinyezo

Ukuze kube lula abangaphakathi embonini ukuthi baqonde isimo semboni yezinhlanganisela zomhlaba eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi ngo-2022, le webhusayithi yethule uchungechunge lwemibiko yokuhlaziya ngesimo se-quo yemboni yezinhlanganisela zomhlaba ngo-2023. Kusuka esihlokweni esedlule. , lolu daba luzofingqa kafushane isimo samanje semboni yezinto ezihlanganisiwe yomhlaba wonke emkhakheni wezokundiza ngo-2022.

2.0 Inhlanhla exubile yemboni yezindiza

Sekukonke, imakethe ye-aerospace yomhlaba wonke isendaweni enhle kakhulu, okuyizindaba ezinhle. Kodwa izindaba ezimbi ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni sekunciphile kwezempilo yemakethe ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-supply chain. Ngenxa yalokho, ukulethwa kuphinde kwaqala kancane kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe.

Esokuqala yimakethe, imali esetshenziswa kwezokuvikela emhlabeni wonke yafinyelela emazingeni aphezulu ngo-2021, yadlula u-$2 trillion okokuqala ngqa ngenxa yempi phakathi kweRussia/Ukraine kanye nokungezwani okuqhubekayo eNtshonalanga Pacific. Kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngo-5% ngonyaka, nakuba ukwehla kwamandla emali kwenza amandla okuthenga abe nzima. Imakethe yezindiza zokulwa isesimweni esihle kakhulu, njengoba amandla amakhulu edinga ukusebenzisa kabusha amasosha awo ukuze abhekane nezitha zontanga esikhundleni sokulwa nokuvukela umbuso kanye nezimpi ezinomfutho ophansi.

Izindiza ezihweba endaweni eyodwa ziyingxenye enkulu yabantu futhi isidingo sinamandla kakhulu. Amajethi ngokuyinhloko asebenzela imakethe yasekhaya, futhi izimakethe ezingaphandle kweChina zibuyele emazingeni ka-2019. Imizila yasekhaya iyisevisi yempahla, futhi izindiza ngokuyisisekelo azinawo amandla entengo. Ngakho-ke, umnotho wesevisi yasekhaya uncike ekunqandeni izindleko. Uma uphethiloli ungu-$100/umphongolo, uma inkampani yezindiza ine-Airbus A320Neo noma i-Boeing 737 MAX futhi izimbangi zayo zingenayo, inkampani yezindiza enamajethi esimanje ingawunqoba umncintiswano ngentengo nenzuzo. Ngakho-ke i-single-aisle iphinde izuze emananini aphezulu kaphethiloli.

Iningi leminye imikhakha yezakhamuzi nayo inamandla. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindiza zebhizinisi kube phezulu, kuyilapho ukutholakala kwezindiza eziphethwe ngaphambili bekuphansi kakhulu. Ukusalela emuva kuphezulu impela, izinkomba zingaphezu kwamazinga ka-2019, kanti ukukhiqizwa nakho kucishe kube emazingeni ka-2019.

Okuwukuphela kwemakethe yasemkhathini engabizwa ngokuthi ibuthakathaka amajeli ahamba ngamabili. Ubhadane olusha lwenyumoniya lwalungelokuqala, lukhulu futhi lude kakhulu ukuthikameze ithrafikhi yamazwe ngamazwe. Lokhu kudale isimo esesabekayo somthamo omkhulu weziteshi ezimbili. Iqhaza elikhulayo lokuxhaswa ngezimali kwezinkampani zangaphandle kwenze kwaba kubi kakhulu inkinga yezindawo ezimbili, njengoba abaqashile nabanye abaxhasi bezimali bethambekele kakhulu ekuxhaseni ngezimali izindawo ezihlukene, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi isisekelo samakhasimende sikhulu kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, amandla akhulayo endiza entsha ene-single-aisle (futhi, i-A320neo kanye ne-737 MAX) abenza kube enye indlela yendiza enezinhlangothi ezimbili emizileni yamazwe ngamazwe edonsa kanzima ephakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi ezinhlangothini zombili ze-Atlantic.

Ngeshwa, lawa majeli anezindawo ezimbili ayindiza yezakhamuzi enenhlanganisela enkulu, ngakho imboni eyinhlanganisela incike kakhulu ekuphumeni kwendiza yezempi. Lapha, ukukhiqizwa kwe-F-35 kuyaqhubeka nokukhula kancane, kufinyelele ku-156 ngonyaka eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Izolandelwa yi-B-21 Raider stealth bomber yaseNorthrop, okumele ifakwe emkhiqizweni, kanye nohlelo lwezindiza zokulwa ze-Air Force's Next Generation Air Superiority, okumele zingene emkhiqizweni ekupheleni kwale minyaka eyishumi.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zinhlelo zomphakathi nezempi, izinhloso zokukhiqiza azifinyelelwanga kuzo zonke izimakethe. Inkinga ishubile kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza injini yejethi, lapho ukulingisa nokufogina kuyibhodlela elinzima. Okuningi kwalokhu i-titanium, kanye nokuphazamiseka okubangelwe yimpi kokunikezwa kwe-titanium yaseRussia - ngokuzithandela yizinkampani zaseNtshonalanga ngoba iRussia yehlulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunqanda ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe - kwandise izinkinga zokuhlinzekwa ebezivele zikhona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye enkulu yenkinga ifika emsebenzini. Imakethe yezabasebenzi eqinile, okuhambisana neqiniso lokuthi umnotho usanda kuthola ukusimama kokuqala, ukundiza kwezentengiselwano sekwephuzile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izimboni ngakho-ke sekwephuzile ukuqasha, okuholela ekubambezelekeni okukhulu.

Izimakethe zezindiza zomphakathi nezempi zihlala ziqinile, nokubambezeleka kokukhiqiza okuphoqa iziyalo ezithile ezivela kubakhiqizi bezindiza. Ngakho-ke, maningi amathuba okuthi lo mkhakha wezomnotho uhlomule ngokuphola kweminye imikhakha, ukwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nokukhulula abasebenzi. Lokho kusho ukukhula okuncane kakhulu ezinyangeni eziyi-18 kuya kwezingama-24 ezizayo, nokukhula okuhloniphekile kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali.

【Isixhumanisi esiyinkomba】https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/qEwEVBQgNQo7OqGdEMd2jw

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